It was the autumn of
1926 and Pathé just started releasing its E-2000 series
of electrically recorded
material. Although electrical recordings started being
released by the
Victor Company and Columbia in 1925, Pathé didn't start
using electrical recordings
until late 1926.
From Sutton and Nauck's BooK:
As the
major companies converted to electrical recording, Pathé
announced
"New Process Recording" in September 1925. However, the technique
was
not electrical. Details as reported in the "Talking Machine World
are vague,
but
the process apparently amounted to nothing more than low-speed dubbing
to intermediate oversized
disc
masters. (Sutton, Allan and Nauck, Kurt,
American
Record Labels and Companies: An Encylopedia- 1891-1943)
Although Pathé
would be behind Columbia in starting the electrical recording
process they would be
ahead of Harmony and Velvetone (Columbia's subsidiaries)
which wouldn't start
using the electrical
recording process until 1929.
(Sutton,
Allan and Nauck,Kurt,
American
Record Labels and Companies: An Encylopedia- 1891-1943)
Pathé had just
moved into new offices
in New York City so
at first had to rely on the Combo Company of Canada
(under the label Apex)
to record its masters. Below I include a quote
from John Woodruff on
the New Combo elctrophonic process:
17
of the first 20 of Annette's sides released by Pathé (recorded
through
January 1927) were recorded by the Combo Company (of Canada)
with
the new Compo Electrophonic recording process, and probably all of
Annette's
Pathé sides recorded after April 1927 (and certainly all of the
29 sides,
both
Pathé and Perfect, that I have examined) were recorded with a Pathé
electric
recording
system based on the Western Electric system. All told, almost
90%
of Annette's Pathé's output was electrically recorded. On
the other
hand,
at least 40% and perhaps as much as 80% (sources disagree) of
Annette's
sides released on the Harmony/Velvetone/Diva labels were
recorded
on an acoustic system described by Brian Rust (American
Record
Label Book) as a "horribly boxy acoustic process" having "a
curiously
constricted "boxy" sound...the sound is unique,
unmistakable,"
and by Harry Avery (Playback, Oct-Nov 1949)
as producing
a master which sounded "as if it had been
waxed
in grandpa's outhouse."
Annette made a number
of recordings under this new electrical recording
process that bear the
E-2000 series labels. Although many of these
records were also released
under Pathé's "front company" (Perfect label) I will
only list here the songs
that were released on the E-2000 series labels.
According to Allan Sutton,
in his excellent book:
"Directory of American
Disc Record Labels Brands", the
Perfect Label Group
was nothing more than a false front
for Pathé, similar
to the Harmony and Velvetone and
Diva groups that were
the "dime Store" labels for Columbia.
Annette would be able
to use her own name with Pathé but she would soon
move over to their Perfect
label which was a cheaper label. They would sell for
39 cents or 3 for a
dollar. The "Pathé Perfect Star series" label was reserved
for a few of its biggest
stars such as Lee Morse and Cliff Edward's and was higher
priced than the standard
Perfect series. (Sutton,
Allan and Nauck, Kurt,
American
Record Labels and Companies: An Encylopedia- 1891-1943)
Contrary to some previous
reports that I have seen
Pathé would close
out the Actuelle series in 1931 but continue on with its
Perfect series until
1938. (Sutton,
Allan and Nauck, Kurt, American Record Labels and Companies:
An Encylopedia-
1891-1943)
I have seen previous
reports that indicate that
Wally moved Annette
over to Columbia because Pathé went bankrupt.
This simply is not true.
They did merge with Cameo records in October, 1927, which later
became the ARC group.
Maybe with the reorganization Wally
thought he could get
a better deal with
Columbia. Columbia
was a well established studio and had already
started the electrical
recording process in 1925. But when he did, they
didn't start Annette
out on Columbia records, which was their
"premier" record label
and the most expensive. They started her
out on the Harmony and
Velvetone labels which in 1928 was
still acoustic.
In many respects this was a step down for Annette.
Again quoting from John Woodruff:
Herman
Rose has been described as "an A and R man from...Pathé",
"the
musical director of Pathé records", "record Producer," and later
"in
charge of the recording laboratories of [Velvet Tone]" and "recording
manager
of [Velvet Tone]." His other involvement's (i.e. not associated with
Annette)
in the recording industry seem to tend toward the technical
rather
than the artistic side. I have never seen any authoritative
statements
on how much he had to do with the musical content
(e.g.
selections, arrangements, choice of accompanists) of any of
Annette's
recordings, other than his encouragement of her
continuing
use of the "that's all" to end them.
But I'm sure Wally did his best for her at the time.
These then, would be
Annette's first recordings and they all have
her original name- Annette
Hanshaw. The pseudonyms would not
start until she went
over to Columbia.
Most of these recordings
are available on CD's. Check the
Current CD's and LP's
for a complete listing.
including her first
"test" pressing for Pathé.
Also, Rich Conaty and
Al Barnes regularly play Annette records on
their radio programs.
I have listed both of their Internet
addresses in the "Links"
section.
Pathé Actuelle Record Series (E-2000)
The following information comes primarily from the liner notes to the excellent Fountain LP's. It has also been confirmed from numerous other resources. Details of these LP's are included in the Current CD's section.
Master Number | Recording Date | Song | Musicians |
E-2476 | July 28, 1926 (test pressing) | Part One- Medley
What Can I Say Dear?
|
Annette on piano |
E-2477 | July 28, 1926 (test pressing) | Part Two- Medley
Don't Want Nobody But You
|
Annette on Piano |
E-2518 | September 12, 1926
(first recording) |
Black Bottom | Annette: vocal
Red Nichols: cornet Miff Mole: Trombone Jimmy Lytel: clarinet Irving Brodsky: piano |
E-2519 | September 12, 1926 | Six Feet of Papa | Annette: vocal
Red Nichols: cornet Miff Mole: Trombone Jimmy Lytel: clarinet Irving Brodsky: piano |
E-2522 | September 13, 1926 | That's Why I Love You | Annette on Piano |
E-2523 | September 13, 1926 | Lay Me Down To Sleep in Carolina | Annette on Piano |
E-2524 | September 13, 1926 | Falling In Love With You | Annette on Piano |
E-2565 | October 20, 1926 | Cherie, I Love You | Annette on Piano (with Murray Kellner on Violin) |
E-2566 | October 20, 1926 | Calling Me Home | Annette on Piano (with Murray Kellner on Violin) |
E-2567 | October 22, 1926 | If I'd Only Believe In You | Accompanied by Irving Brodsky on Piano |
E-2568 (takes A and C) | October 22, 1926 | My Baby Knows How | Accompanied by Irving Brodsky on Piano |
E-2608 | November 26, 1926 | Do-Do-Do | Accompanied by Irving Brodsky on Piano |
E-2609 | November 26, 1926 | Everything's Made for Love | Accompanied by Irving Brodsky on Piano |
E-2610 | November 26, 1926 | Kiss Your Little Baby Goodnight | Accompanied by Irving Brodsky on Piano |
E-2611 | November 26, 1926 | One Sweet Letter From You | Annette on Ukulele and accompanied by Irving Brodsky on piano |
E-2666 | January 26, 1927 | He's the Last Word | Accompanied by Irving Brodsky on Piano |
E-2667 | January 26, 1927 | I'm Gonna Meet My Sweetie Now | Accompanied by Irving Brodsky on Piano |
E-2668 | January 26, 1927 | Ain't He Sweet? | Accompanied by Irving Brodsky on Piano |
E-2669 | January 26, 1927 | It All Depends on You | Accompanied by Irving Brodsky on Piano |
The recording dates for
these Pathé Actuelle series runs almost exactly 6 months from start
to finish and includes just 20 recordings. (Woodruff)
After
that Annette is found on both the Perfect label and occasionally the
Actuelle label. Just
like Columbia did, they gradually moved Annette over to their "dime store"
label and kept the "Pathé
Perfect Star series" label for certain "big" stars like Lee Morse
and Cliff Edwards.
(Sutton,
Allan and Nauck, Kurt,
American
Record Labels and Companies: An Encylopedia- 1891-1943)
The Perfect label would
sell for 39 cents or 3 for a dollar and the Actuelle label would
be reserved for the higher
price of 75 cents.
Except for the E-2518 and
E-2519 recordings which included the Red Heads , all of these
E series recordings
would be characterized by being just simple tunes with Annette on piano
and perhaps one musician
such as Irving Brodsky or Murray Killner on violin. They would be
among
the simplest of recordings
with Annette sometimes just accompanying herself on
ukulele or piano.
After the first set with the Red Heads as an accompanying group, all the
other recording sessions would not have accompanying groups included
in the E series.
However, Pathé would
also release these early E series sessions on the Perfect label as well.
These E
series masters would show
up under the following labels:
1. Pathé Actuelle
2. Perfect
3. Apex (Compo Company
of Canada)
In those days no masters
would be wasted. Later in 1927, when Pathé merged with
Cameo Records the practice
of sharing masters would continue:
The Pathé
Phonograph and Radio Corporation combined operations with the Cameo Record
Corporation
in October
1927, and recording activity for both companies was consolidated at Pathé's
studio. It became
standard
practice to assign multiple master numbers to a single master depending
upon which group of labels
was
to issue that master. Some masters were used exclusively by the Pathé
group (Pathé, Perfect etc.) some
exclusively
by the Cameo group (Cameo, Lincoln, etc.), but many were shared by both
groups.
Consequently,
Pathé pressings of the period often show Cameo master numbers, and
Cameo pressings often
show
Pathé catalog numbers. The last masters intended for Pathé
exclusive use were recorded in July 1929.
(Sutton,
Allan and Nauck, Kurt,
American
Record Labels and Companies: An Encylopedia- 1891-1943)
These earliest recordings
can be found on a number
of CD releases including
the Fountain series LP's which highlight these E series recordings on
volume 1 and volume 2.